The Roman Alphabet | 7th century BC

What was the basis of the Roman uppercase alphabet?
Greek AlphabetWhat were the purposes of the formal and informal styles of lettering?

Why is the Roman alphabet the most widely used and what contributions did it make? The Romans refined several distinct styles of lettering which were used for different purposes. The contributions it made was that a rigid, formal script was used for important manuscripts and official documents, a quicker, informal style was used for letters and routine types of writing.
From where did serifs originate?With the craving of words into stone.
When and where did lowercase, or minuscule, letters develop?
As dsa fsgc
What is a ligature and why were they utilized?
adsdw gdsPost an example of the Roman alphabet in visual form. 

The Greek Alphabet | 800 BC

How did Greeks come in contact with the Phoenicians?
Phoenicians ref traveled to greece and made trade agreements w/ them
How was the Greek adaptation of the alphabet different from its predecessor?
Some consonants were adapted as vowels, additional letters addedWhy is the Greek alphabet considered to be the world's first true alphabet?
Given rise to many other alphabets including the latinName several similarities and differences between the Greek and modern English alphabets?Vowels, 1 letter, 1 sound
Post an example of the Greek alphabet in visual form. 

The Phoenician Alphabet | 1050 BC

The Phoenician alphabet is based on what principle?
1 sign represented 1 spoken sound
Describe the shape of the letters and what tool created them?
Angular and straight. Incised w/ a stylus
What two reasons made the Phoenician alphabet so successful?
Easy to learn at the time. Simplicity made it used in multiple languages
What long term effects on the social structures of civilizations did the Phoenicians have with the creation of their alphabet?
1st widespread script
Post an example of the Phoenician alphabet in visual form.

Cuneiform and the Sumerians | 3,000 BC

The Sumerians were one of the earliest types of this kind of civilization? What does that mean?
Nomadic, they were the first to move into the area
Why is the region of Sumer considered the Cradle of Civilization?
B/c cuneiform was created
What could the Sumerians practice year round because of the regions climate?
Agriculture
Post an example of early Cuneiform (Sumerian pictograph).

Why was Cuneiform created?
help keep track of these business transactions
What medium was used to "write" Cuneiform? Explain the process of preparing and writing on this surface?
Clay Tabets. Wet clay, make flat, use wedge shaped stylus made from reeds to make impressions, lay tablet in sun to dry
What did Cuneiform begin as a series of?
Pictographs
Post an example of evolved Cuneiform (wedge-shaped).

After it evolved over time, what shape did the characters of Cuneiform evolve into?
Wedge
Post an example of Akkadian Cuneiform.

After the Akkadians conquered, what happened to the Sumerian culture and written language?
They adopted the Sumerian culture and written language
What is a pictograph?
visual rep of an object
Why did the creation of Cuneiform allow the Sumerians to become a sophisticated culture?
B/c they formed a new language

Hieroglyphics and the Egyptians | 3,000 BC

In the sixth century BC, what three civilizations invaded Egypt?
Persians, Greeks and Romans
Post an example of the inside wall(s) of an Ancient Egyptian temple.

What was discovered on the inside of the temples?
Carved and painted images on everything
Scholars believe that Ancient Egyptians were inspired and influenced by which written language?
Cuneiform
What is the difference between logographic and alphabetic elements?
Logographic- Images
The term Hieroglyphic derived from what two Greek words?
Heiro and Glyphic
What is a scribe?
School term to learn how to read and write
Who else was trained to read and write? Why?
Military Leaders. So they could communicate in battle 
Post an example of hieroglyphics on papyrus.

What is papyrus and how was it made?
Substrate made from reeds native to Egypt
What is a substrate?
Surface/Material where an organism lives, grows or obtains food
What were the Books of the Dead?
Instructions and spells to help hem find their way to the afterlife 
How did Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics become a forgotten language?
the people who knew it disappeared and no one has been able to decipher it
Post an example of the Rosetta Stone.

What is the Rosetta Stone? Where was it discovered?
Slab w/ inscriptions. Egypt
What three languages are included on the stone?
Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Demotic, and Greek
Why couldn't the text on the Stone be deciphered?
A chunk was missing
Who finally deciphered the text? What was his breakthrough?
Jean Francois Champollion. He matched Hieroglyphic symbols w/ the greek version of the name of Egyptian Pharaoh Rame
Why does the interpretation of the Rosetta Stone have such significance?
  We now know a great deal about Ancient Egyptians and Egyptian Hieroglyphics

CAVE PAINTINGS

What are cave paintings?
Beautiful, detailed and colorful representations found on the walls of caves
Name several common themes found in cave paintings?
Large animals, tracing of human hands and abstract patterns
How were these paintings created (tools, pigments)?
Water, plant juice, animal blood, soil, charcoal, iron oxide
What is the most famous cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?Post an example of cave painting(s) from this cave.
Lascaux, France. 1940 by 4 teenage boys 
Why did this cave have to be closed? What was done to satisfy public curiosity?Post an example of cave painting(s) from Altamira cave
paintings were being hurt by the CO2 the tourist were breathin out. Made a man made replica.

In Altamira cave, why do most of the paintings have a red hue?
Red clay in soil
Who discovered this site? How old are the paintings confirmed to be?
Marceline Sanz De Sautuola and his daughter nearly 19k years
What is the oldest known cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?Post an example of cave painting(s) from this cave.
Chauvet-point arc. 1994 by 3 speleogist


What was different about the painting techniques at this site? walls were scrapped clear and they made a 3d effects

What is "speleology"?
Study/Exploration of caves
What three reasons do archeologists and historians believe prehistoric man created cave paintings?
~Tell Story/ recount an event ~Instructional visual aid to help teach about hunting techniques

14 insperation & brain s

 I like the colors and the style the artist udes

I like how the artist went against what we usually do and i like the emphasis

I want to do somethingthat has a comic book  like BG and a popular character in the front. BG blurred c:

visual organisation

eye movement- not directing is misdirecting 


Typical is left to right, up down. Make it natural. Eye goes to complexity first. light are attract eye esp by a dark area. diag guide movement


OPTICAL CENTER-  where human eye tends to enter page
compelling elemt to  move eye 


Z Pattern- eye goes in a Z


Effect design moves eye

-No more than 2 fonts total. Complement

-Avoid Uppercase
-Chose right font (fits theme and tone)
-Don't overuse complicated fonts
-  www.typography.com/email/2010-03/index.htm


Visual Hierarchy-
Make focal point
find out the most important part


What do i want them 2 c 1st???

The Grid-

way of org contents by using margins, guidelines,rows and columns.

Modernism

Breaking info into chunks

distinct set of alignment-based relationships, act as guidelines

Every design uses diff grid
unity